非高斯随机激励下工程结构可靠性估计的一种方法

本文将工程结构考虑为振动系统,把随机载荷及在结构上的载荷效应作为随机过程,分析状态函数的高阶矩,进行最大熵概率分析,得到结构在随机载荷作用下失效的概率。此法为随机环境下工作的结构、构件或设备的安全设计、可靠性检验提供了一个可行的方法。     

压电材料平面应力状态的直线裂纹问题一般解

研究了含直线裂纹系的压电材料平面应力问题单个裂纹和双裂纹问题的封闭解答表明，在裂纹尖端，应力、电场强度和电位移有１／２阶的奇异性并与前人结果比较了产生电场奇异性的物理因素     

用云纹干涉法测量带孔复合材料板应变系数

介绍云纹干涉法在复合材料中应用的一个例子，用云纹干涉法测量带孔复合材料板应变集中系数．     

BEWARE OF THE BEACH HIDDEN KILLER--RIP CURRENT

离岸流是垂直于海岸线、向外海方向快速移动的强劲海流。对于海边的人员来说非常危险,没有经验的游泳者一旦被离岸流带离浅滩,很难与之对抗游回岸边,往往因力竭而溺水。每年海滨区域都有大量的溺亡事件与此相关,但有关离岸流的知识在公众的视野里仍比较缺乏。本文从流体力学的角度对离岸流的危害、形成、特征以及分类进行了简要介绍,并在如何防范离岸流、保障自身安全等方面给出了一些建议。     

主裂纹与微裂纹相互作用问题的有效数值计算方法

提出了平面弹性介质中主裂纹与微裂纹相互作用问题的有效数值计算 方法. 通过把适于单一裂纹的Bueckner原理扩充到含有多裂纹的一般体系，将原问题分解 为承受远处载荷不含裂纹的均匀问题，和在远处不承受载荷但在裂纹面上承受面力的多裂纹 问题. 于是，以应力强度因子作为参量的问题可以通过考虑后者(多裂纹问题)来解决，而 利用提出的杂交位移不连续法，这种多裂纹问题是容易数值求解的. 列举 Cai和 Faber为评价主裂纹与微裂纹相互作用问题的近似方法而列举的算例，说明 该数值方法对分析平面弹性介质中主裂纹与微裂纹相互作用问题既简单又非常有效.     

Scaled-boundary method in electroelasticity of thin plates

The paper discusses the scaled-boundary method as applied to electroelastic problems. As an example, the stress-intensity factor is calculated for a thin rectangular piezoelectric plate with an edge crack __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 124–134, July 2006.     

INTERACTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGES IN A PIEZOELECTRIC WITH RIGID EXTERNAL CRACKS

IntroductionRecently much attention has been paid to Green’s functions[1 -7]for anisotropic mediabecause of their important applications in boundary element methods used widely inengineering analysis. Generally speaking, it is relatively easy to obtain G…     

Modification of the fracture criterion for V-shaped notches (plane problem). Relationship between toughness and strength and structural parameters

A fracture criterion of the type of the Neuber-Novozhilov criterion is proposed to describe the fracture in the vicinity of the tip of a V-shaped notch under tensile and shear loading. In the proposed criterion, the limits of averaging of the stresses along the notch axis depend on the presence, location, and size of the initial defects in the material. The crystal lattice parameter of the initial material is chosen for the characteristic linear size. For a V-shaped notch subjected to tension and shear, simple equations are obtained that relate the stress intensity factors for the modified singularity coefficients, the singularity coefficients themselves, and the theoretical tensile and shear strengths of a single crystal of the material taking into account the damage to the material in the vicinity of the notch tip. The equations obtained allow a passage to the limit from a notch to a crack. It is shown that the classical critical stress intensity factor used in the strength analysis of cracked solids is not a material constant.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 106–115, January–February, 2005.     

Stress concentration around a spheroidal crack caused by a harmonic wave incident at an arbitrary angle

A method is proposed to study the stress concentration around a shallow spheroidal crack in an infinite elastic body. The stress concentration is due to the diffraction of a low-frequency plane longitudinal wave by the crack. The direction of wave propagation is established in which the combined concentration of mode I and mode II stresses is maximum __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 70–77, January 2006.     

Propagation of longitudinal elastic waves in composites with a random set of spherical inclusions (effective field approach)

The work is devoted to the problem of plane monochromatic longitudinal wave propagation through a homogeneous elastic medium with a random set of spherical inclusions. The effective field method and quasicrystalline approximation are used for the calculation of the phase velocity and attenuation factor of the mean (coherent) wave field in the composite. The hypotheses of the method reduce the diffraction problem for many inclusions to a diffraction problem for one inclusion and, finally, allow for the derivation of the dispersion equation for the wave vector of the mean wave field in the composite. This dispersion equation serves for all frequencies of the incident field, properties and volume concentrations of inclusions. The long and short wave asymptotics of the solution of the dispersion equation are found in closed analytical forms. Numerical solutions of this equation are constructed in a wide region of frequencies of the incident field that covers long, middle, and short wave regions of propagating waves. The phase velocities and attenuation factors of the mean wave field are calculated for various elastic properties, density, and volume concentrations of the inclusions. Comparisons of the predictions of the method with some experimental data are presented; possible errors of the method are indicated and discussed.